This article reviews the origin and development of the best-known types of denial-of-service attacks, placing special emphasis on Reflected Distributed Denial of Service attacks, analysing their main characteristics, operation, and consequences, as well as the measures necessary to mount a good defence against them.
Various studies with threat analysis or malware distribution campaigns affecting Spain and identified through incident management undertaken by INCIBE-CERT. The aim is to increase knowledge of the more technical details and characteristics of the threats so that organisations can implement appropriate detection and protection measures.